Research questions: What is the variety of robots used in nursing environment? How can the acceptance of robots by nurses be measured? a large variety of robots are used in nursing environment: from humanoid robot until robotic devices. The questionnaire has to take the professional environment and the distance from nurses to robots into account. The Almere Model was used to complement questions using 5 point Likert scale for measuring the acceptance of the robots.

Background Global Health has increasingly gained international visibility and prominence. First and foremost, the spread of cross-border infectious disease arouses a great deal of media and public interest, just as it drives research priorities of faculty and academic programmes. At the same time, Global Health has become a major area of philanthropic action. Despite the importance it has acquired over the last two decades, the complex collective term “Global Health” still lacks a uniform use today. Objectives The objective of this paper is to present the existing definitions of Global Health, and analyse their meaning and implications. The paper emphasises that the term “Global Health” goes beyond the territorial meaning of “global”, connects local and global, and refers to an explicitly political concept. Global Health regards health as a rights-based, universal good; it takes into account social inequalities, power asymmetries, the uneven distribution of resources and governance challenges. Thus, it represents the necessary continuance of Public Health in the face of diverse and ubiquitous global challenges. A growing number of international players, however, focus on public-private partnerships and privatisation and tend to promote biomedical reductionism through predominantly technological solutions. Moreover, the predominant Global Health concept reflects the inherited hegemony of the Global North. It takes insufficient account of the global burden of disease, which is mainly characterised by non-communicable conditions, and the underlying social determinants of health. Conclusions Beyond resilience and epidemiological preparedness for preventing cross-border disease threats, Global Health must focus on the social, economic and political determinants of health. Biomedical and technocratic reductionism might be justified in times of acute health crises but entails the risk of selective access to health care. Consistent health-in-all policies are required for ensuring Health for All and sustainably reducing health inequalities within and among countries. Global Health must first and foremost pursue the enforcement of the universal right to health and contribute to overcoming global hegemony.

This article aims at conceptualising, in analytical as well as normative-theoretical terms, the tensions between free trade, democratic and social standards, and national sovereignty that are named in Dani Rodrik´s “globalisation trilemma” for the case of the European Union (EU). It is argued that the trilemma concept is much more fitting to the EU than a simple trade-off concept. This model offers a conceptual path to both analysing existing tensions and thinking of resolving them: a) the EU has, indeed, been intervening into national democracies and national sovereignty as its legislation is superior to national legislation; b) EU legislation and judgements of the Court of Justice of the EU have been reducing national social standards; c) executives and numerous new institutions and agencies with indirect legitimation have taken over competencies that formerly lay in the domain of national directly legitimated legislatives; and d) these negative effects relate to the EU’s giving preference to the liberalisation of free trade of capital, goods and services over democracy, social standards, and national sovereignty. Against the framework of the globalisation trilemma, analysis is combined with normative-theoretical judgements on the quality democracy of the setting that has been found and a conceptual discussion. The article concludes by discussing the perspectives of the setting examined and the possible paths to solutions, arguing that in order to keep a high level of economic integration, democracy, and social standards in the EU, national sovereignty needs to give way.

The 1st Jordanian Conference on Logistics in the Mashreq Region was organized within the framework of the research project “JOINOLOG”, funded by the German Ministry of Education and Science. The project’s conclusion and introduction to an audience of peers was the 1st Jordanian Conference on Logistics in the Mashreq Region (JCLM1), conducted on November 14th and 15th, 2023. These are the proceedings of this final event. They consolidate the shared efforts of all participants and speakers in JCLM1. The collection of these scientific results aims to promote logistical sciences and its transfer into application, which is reflected by their multidimensional presentation in this document.

Abstract Forest-based carbon credits are crucial in most Emissions Trading Schemes as they offer a cost-efficient means of offsetting hard-to-abate emissions. To date, this has not been the case in the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). However with the Paris Agreement rulebook now finalized, there could be an opportunity to revive this flexibility mechanism in European climate policy. Based on 24 expert interviews, we examined the forest potential within the EU ETS across short, medium, and long-term time frames. We found that the compliance system will remain blocked until 2030, but there is a greater likelihood of transitioning towards the inclusion of forest-based removals and reductions in the long term. Although forestry projects have faced significant reluctance in the EU, there is unanimous agreement on the importance of both technological solutions and such initiatives for climate protection. To fully leverage the potential of forest activity in the future, it will be necessary to adopt different methods and tools (e.g., liability regimes), stricter legislation on socio-economic factors (e.g., land use rights), overcoming implementation hurdles (e.g., do not compromise deterrence through mitigation), and maintaining an open political stance. This study provides a comprehensive perspective on the barriers and potentials of forestry projects within the compliance system of the EU which is essential to be addressed when re-opening the discussion on future eligibility. The implication of the findings suggest an immediate start to adopt to the barriers for carbon credit readiness in the next phase of the EU ETS beginning of 2030.

Permanently excited synchronous motors are the driving components in countless systems and applications. The most common cause of motor failures are the bearings. Data-driven approaches have been used for predictive defect detections since many years, to prevent motors from an unexpected breakdown. In this way, downtime costs can be reduced and maintenance intervals based on actual wear can be realized. Existing approaches are usually based on structure-borne sound sensors that have to be attached externally to the motors. The resulting costs reduce the economic attractiveness and scalability of the solution. Therefore, the focus of this dissertation is on fault detection based on internal motor current signals. Hurdles, arising from the choice of this signal sources, are to be tackled by the developed fault detection framework. By this, an adequate alternative to the use of external sensors is achieved. The core of the framework is the development of a fault detection pipeline, which is to be applicable under expected conditions of real-world applications. The main pillars are data transformation methods derived from expert knowledge of different domains. These are concatenated and parameterized in an automated manner to reduce the human induced bias on the solution generation process. Starting with a review of the state of research, existing research gaps are identified. From this, the research hypothesis and concrete research questions are derived and the general relevance of research is motivated. Subsequently, a conceptual description of the developed framework is given. In contrast to related work, the proposed approach focuses on the abstraction of the motors operating parameters from the pipeline hyperparameters uniquely at training time. This makes reparameterizations in the course of varied motor parameters obsolete, which increases the robustness with respect to real-world use cases. The data used for the validation of the framework was acquired under real-world operating conditions to enable extensive stress tests of the developed pipelines. The results confirm the suitability of the framework in terms of general current based bearing fault detection as well as the intended use cases, regarding the working condition transfers.

In our paper we investigate the role of civil society organisations (CSOs) in the provision of services and in forming advocacy coalitions for illegalized migrants in Bern and Vienna. We analyse the variety of CSOs which actively challenge policies of exclusion at the urban level. We examine the political and social practices of CSOs in local welfare arrangements and their organizational structures, the way they build up solidarity relations, networks and alliances, and their relations to municipality and urban authorities. By focusing on varieties of practices and strategies of CSOs, we shed light on civil society’s crucial role concerning the construction of urban infrastructure of solidarity and aim to show how local arrangements for illegalized migrants are co-produced and negotiated by a variety of actors within urban settings.

Climate change is a global challenge, with estimated mitigation costs ranging from $1.6 to $3.8 trillion per year. As a pioneer in climate action, the European Union has the most exten-sive emissions trading system worldwide (90% of the global value of $759 billion in 2021). In this paper, we review the European Union's climate strategy, emphasizing the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) development, and the role of tropical forest carbon credits for off-setting. We argue that the European Union continues to leave a significant potential of trop-ical forests as natural carbon sinks unattended. In contrast, we reveal that the regulators can learn from the experiences made in the past and the finalization of the rulebook for Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. We present a proposal on changes to the EU ETS regulation by con-verting the European Commission's proposal to increase the linear reduction factor from 2.2% to 4.2% to the eligibility of forest carbon credits, resulting in additional funding poten-tial for forestry projects to increase necessary carbon sinks. Simultaneously, allowing flexibil-ity of investing to a limited extent in neutralization projects mitigates the risk of overstress-ing regulated companies to reach the emission reduction targets.

The purpose of this report is to determine whether health maintenance organisations (HMOs) can provide a suitable and viable form of financial health protection and service provision in selected West African countries, supplementary to existing healthcare provision and coverage. Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia and Sierra Leone were chosen as country examples. Chapter 1 provides the context for the health and healthcare situation in West Africa as well as specific country profiles, whilst Chapter 2 describes factors to be considered when establishing an HMO. The range of technical di-mensions of an HMO introduced in this report includes: administration, human resources, financing, accreditation, service availability and readiness, the benefits catalogue, paying providers, drugs and quality management. Each of these dimensions is further discussed in Chapters 3 – 10. The administration of an HMO consists of nine interconnected fields: management dash-board, quality management, IT department, purchasing and coordination, finance and ac-counting, health plan and benefit package, member management, human resources, and marketing. In Chapter 3, the authors give a more in-depth analysis of the fields of marketing and member management. Recommendations provided in this chapter include the use of different marketing approaches to bridge the gap between communities and the HMO by establishing informative advertising (e.g., via a mobile responsive website, social media, posters, flyers, radio, and recorded information). Chapter 4 focuses on an HMO’s human resources, particularly in regard to staff recruiting, development and retention. Staff development expands staff competence by increasing employees’ motivation and job satisfaction, which leads to an increase in their performance and productivity, thereby improving staff retention. Furthermore, staff retention is important for ensuring a long-term commitment to the HMO. In conclusion, the success of an HMO is crucially dependent on motivating staff and enabling them to exercise, develop and share their skills. Chapter 5 covers the financial aspects of an HMO, including dimensions related to its target population, financial barriers, funding resources, management of funds, and specific coun-try challenges. In order to calculate the necessary resources, this chapter make clear that an HMO must consider cost projections for the benefit package, infrastructure development, administration, expansion and a reserve. To establish an accreditation system, HMOs can interact with stakeholders from different fields and levels of service delivery and administration, as examined in Chapter 6. The polit-ical and social conditions of a country must be considered by the HMO in order to effective-ly implement an accreditation system. Besides this, an HMO can seek to improve the per-formance quality of healthcare by supporting the establishment of an accreditation scheme. Reliable information on service availability and readiness is necessary for successful health systems management as it allows health services to be tracked in terms of how they have responded to changed inputs and processes. In Chapter 7, the authors analyse the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) tool, and recommend its application within the HMO, as it offers a standardised approach to monitoring the supply of services by providing a standard set of tracer indicators. To implement a health benefit package (HBP), the authors assess existing models, such as the one introduced by Glassman et al. (2017) which specifies ten core elements of an HBP design and helps to enable discussions on the most relevant aspects in designing an HBP for an HMO. Chapter 8 presents a coinsurance scheme within the HBP design which will affect the service utilisation of members as well as utilisation management as one method for cost control. In addition, actuarial calculations are proposed using Sierra Leone as a case example. Chapter 9 describes the pharmaceutical supply chain required by an HMO. Important steps of the HMO’s medicine supply chain include: selection, quantification and forecasting, pro-curement, storage, and distribution of medical products. Medicines provided by the HMO must be safe, available, accessible, and affordable at all times and for all members. Stock-outs must be avoided, and therefore this chapter recommends employing community-based health workers in order to ensure distribution to patients in rural areas. Quality management is an important field in an HMO analysed in Chapter 10 of this report. It includes patient safety, efficiency, and patient satisfaction; all factors that must be con-sidered during the implementation of an HMO. The chapter concludes by noting that quality is highly subjective and must therefore be applied to the specific context of an HMO within a specific country. Finally, Chapters 11 and 12 of the report include implementation challenges of an HMO in West Africa, as well next steps that should be followed. Although similar challenges con-cerning the social, political, or structural environment can be found in most West African countries, direct transfer of elaborated information to other countries and healthcare situa-tions is not always possible. As well as these situational challenges, HMOs encounter dif-ferent questions such as how to balance the scope of available services against the cover-age of diverse geographical areas, engagement of various stakeholders and reflection of respective values, interests and perspectives of local populations. Limitations of the report include a lack of specificity in general, and the use of many specific country settings, as observations and examples for one HMO dimension may not always be transferable to other regions and healthcare situations. Therefore, this report is not meant to provide concrete conclusions or solutions in regard to the implementation of an HMO in a specific country setting. In conclusion, this report states that HMOs have the potential to play a substantial role in healthcare system strengthening, provision of quality healthcare services and the preven-tion of financial burden due to ill-health. As a result, an HMO can support West African countries in their role to fulfil their obligation of protecting the health of their citizens. Addi-tionally, the authors strongly believe that an HMO must reflect the cultural, societal and political environment in which it is implemented. Therefore, it is essential that research be conducted prior to its implementation in addition to including the relevant local stakeholders as early as possible in the process.

We present the first comprehensive and systematic review on the structurally diverse toco-chromanols and -chromenols found in photosynthetic organisms, including marine organisms, and as metabolic intermediates in animals. The focus of this work is on the structural diversity of chromanols and chromenols that result from various side chain modifications. We describe more than 230 structures that derive from a 6-hydroxy-chromanol- and 6-hydroxy-chromenol core, respectively, and comprise di-, sesqui-, mono- and hemiterpenes. We assort the compounds into a structure–activity relationship with special emphasis on anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities of the congeners. This review covers the literature published from 1970 to 2017.

Abstract Over the course of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis members of the euro area have put up significant resources to stabilize the financial situation of a few fellow member states. In Germany, this support is subject to a controversial discussion. One aspect in that is the extent of support provided. Using the financial assistance provided to Greece as an example, this paper sheds some light on the financial burden for Germany in comparison to other member states of the euro area, especially Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This implies not only an interesting comparison of strains between large and small economies but also between original and later euro area members. Keywords: euro area, debt crisis, exposure, Greece, Baltic states, Germany

This guideline is a result of the project CHANCE, funded by the EU-programme GRUNDTVIG / “Lifelong Learning Programme” conducted from December 2007 to November 2009. The project focuses on the approach of “CommunityBuilding“, which is beyond counselling and education campaigns designed for the social and environmental circumstances and aims to initiate the build-up of networks and local communities. The manual is based on the interdisciplinary view of health (holistic according to the WHO), community and social environment (promotion of personal and structural potential). After the introduction with regard to the subject matter, the manual presents 13 fundamental guidelines and illustrates project examples from the participating countries.

This article looks critically at the explanation provided by the so‐called ‘normalisation’ literature for Germany’s apparent reluctance and closefisted approach to the Eurozone crisis. In contrast to the ‘normalisation’ argument which attributes the handling of the crisis to a more self‐interested and assertive stance in Germany’s European policy, this paper emphasizes the role of economic ideas as an explanatory factor. Based on the economic school of ordoliberalism in Germany, the crisis is perceived of as a debt and institutional crisis rather than a financial crisis, as suggested by ‘normalisation’ proponents. Consequently, a profound long‐term solution is thought to require policies of debt reduction and supply‐side reform as well as amendments to Eurozone institutions. In addition, unconditional financial bail‐outs are deemed inadequate to fight the source of the crisis. While the ‘normalisation’ literature stresses change in Germany’s approach to European integration relative to the early 1990s, the view outlined here suggests that there is a significant degree of continuity with the founding period of the European Economic and Monetary Union. Both then and now, Germany is primarily concerned with sound money, fiscal discipline and the institutional set‐up of the Eurozone, all based on principles derived from ordoliberal economic thinking.

The research papers published in this reader were presented to an audience of academicians and practitioners at the 2011 Global Business Management Research Conference at Fulda University. The conference was conducted under the topic “Recent Developments in Business Management Research in an International and Regional Context”.

Can Buddhism be called a stronghold of free thinking? What relevance might Buddhism have for social developments in the twenty-first century, and where will it position itself in these processes? Free thinking has been emphasized and celebrated as an outstanding accomplishment of the human mind. This anthology might inspire the reader to look at some questions of global concern from a new angle and provide a stimulus for developing a freethinking attitude. It is the outcome of international and even transcontinental cooperation involving expert authors from Asia, Australia, Europe and the U.S.A. Contributions have been made by Bhikkhu Anâlayo, Karl-Heinz Brodbeck, Ashby Butnor, Silja Graupe, Guang Xing, Barbara Kameniar, Sallie B. King, and Charles S. Prebish.

The following article is targeted at both trainers and managers in educational organisations. It aims to provide support to those who would like to implement e-learning and new teaching methods in their organisations and who have a) already experienced resistance to such a change management process, or b)expect potential resistance. The article intends to help this target group by providing an understanding of the role of new media in the process of changing a “learning culture” in an educational organisation. Furthermore it introduces an approach to change management in educational settings which attempts to change resistance from a hindering to a productive element of change processes.

CHANCE is a project funded by the EU-programme GRUNDTVIG/ “Lifelong Learning Programme” conducted from December 2007 to November 2009. Partners from the participating countries presented their individual project results at the 2nd international meeting on June 12th 2009, in Fulda, Germany. CHANCE describes new pathways to enhance and support people in the long term to be well-informed and to take responsibility for their own health. The focus of the project was based on the following questions: - What resources are offered by the community to live healthy or healthier and what are the barriers that need to be resolved? - Are there cultural differences in health behaviours and in the perception of health information? - What health information is perceived in general and by whom? - What information and health interventions are required? CHANCE shows how people in different European cities and communities live, perceive information with regard to health and process it. The inhabitants of the communities were motivated to participate actively in the improvement of local interventions with regard to consumer education in health. The community approach aims to reach socially, culturally or economically disadvantaged groups such as elderly people, migrants and single parents.